~Alaska Summer Research Academy~
Geophysics Module 2006

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Background

The Experiment

Site Descriptions

Analysis

Acknowledgements

web design by:
Jennifer Peeler, Peter Moriarty, Meghanne Faulise, Joseph Russo, Alex Valderrama, Mary Strehl

Analysis

Noise sources at the seismometer sites

KATY - People stomping on the floor, pipes creaking, trains, and cars.
UNDR - Animals, rocks, and people.
IGLU - Creek, people, wind, and buses.
MUDY - Animals, people, trees, car, and house noises.

Data
Our data is comprised of twenty-five earthquakes. We collected data from July 21st through July 25th. The six images here are only a small portion of all the data we collected. However, we calculated that the majority of the earthquakes that we found in our data originated in areas 150 km. This area is known as the Kantishna swarm. We also recorded a few earthquakes that came from an area 300 km away, this included a 3.5 magnitude earthquake which occurred along coastal Alaska. Four of the images below are examples of earthquakes we recorded and the other two are examples of noise. To locate earthquakes on the seismograms, we looked for P and S waves. Distinct P waves, compressional waves, travel faster and therefore are received before the larger S waves, shear waves.

This earthquake shows up clearly at two stations (IGLU and UNDR) and was also recorded at station KATY.  The P waves abruptly appear on the vertical axis of stations IGLU and UNDR while they are not as visible on the north and east axis.  Then, the S waves arrived which are visible as the large spike on the north and east axis and weaker but still visible signal on the vertical axis.  The strong P waves on the vertical component of the seismograph, and the strong S waves on the north and east components of the seismograph are key indicators of an earthquake. The interval between the S and P waves is approximately 15 seconds suggesting that the earthquake happened approximately 150 km away.  The waves hit station IGLU, then UNDR, then KATY, allowing us to believe that the earthquake happened Southwest of station IGLU. 

This earthquake shows up clearly at three stations (IGLU, KATY, and UNDR).  The P waves, and then the S waves, appear in what had been a quiet time.  The P waves are stronger on the vertical axis on all three stations which is one of the key characteristics of an earthquake.  The interval between the S and P waves is approximately 30 seconds suggesting that the earthquake happened approximately 300 km away.  The waves hit station IGLU then UNDR then KATY leading us to believe that the earthquake happened southwest of station IGLU. 

This earthquake was the largest earthquake recorded during the time the instruments were active. Igloo Creek (IGLU) recorded the earthquake first, and then it was recorded by UNDR, MUDY, and KATY at five second intervals.  The earthquake probably originated southwest of the four stations.  A very well defined P wave with a slightly less obvious S wave can be found, along with a S-P time of roughly 42 seconds meaning that the earthquake probably originated 420 km away.

This seismogram is a good representation of the difference between P waves and S waves. The P waves (compressional waves) are picked up by the vertical axis of station IGLU because these waves are being sent from deep within the earth, moving in a more direct path than the S waves. S waves, traveling in a side to side manner, tend to be larger, slower and more destructive and are detected on the north and east components of the seismograph. The S-P time, or the difference between the two arrivals is roughly 30 seconds which leads us to believe that the earthquake occurred roughly 300 kilometers away.

This seismogram shows the movement of a park bus on the road close to station IGLU.  This is obviously not an earthquake because there is no visible separation of the P and S waves, and it has a gradual build up and break down unlike an earthquake.  This anomaly was probably one of the park’s buses because they were the only large vehicles allowed on the road near IGLU, and the increase and decrease in vibrations is similar to a bus rumbling by.

This seismogram shows what we believe to be a small animal or possibly a human walking near the seismometer. There appear to be about seven to nine steps every five seconds, and as the animal moves closer the amplitude increases and then decreases as the animal moves on.  The steady footsteps and the increase and decrease in amplitude lead us to believe that this is a record of an animal walking near the seismometer.